Bacterial isolation and antibiotic resistance of nosocomial pneumonia in hospitalaized patients - Kashan, Iran

Introduction: Bacterial pneumonia occurs in most hospitalized patients where is the
important cause of morbidity and mortality. To reduce the mortality rate, we aimed to
isolate the bacterial agents of pneumonia and determine the antibacterial resistance.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 330 hospitalized patients inffered from bacterial
pneumonia were studied to identify the bacterial agents of pneumoniae and determine
the antibacterial resistant pattern by disk diffusion using Kirby-Bauer method. Medical
records demographic data were gathered by check list. The data were analyzed by
Chi–Square test.
Results: 220 (66.6%) were male and 110 (33.4%) were female. 163 (49.4%) had
underlined disease. The most frequent pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci
(25%), S. aureus (19.2%), Pseudomonas spp. (19.2%), Klebsiella spp. (17.3%),
Enterobacter spp. (13.5%) and Escherichi coli (5.8%). Coagulase negative staphylococci
were resistant to cloxacillin (80.9%) and cefexim (76.9%). S. aureus was resistant to
cefexim (100%) and oxacillin (81.8%). Pseudomonas spp. were resistant (100%) to
cefazolin and cefexim and highly resistant to other antibiotics. Klebsiella spp,
Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli were respectively resistant to the most antibiotics
tested.
Conclusion: This study showed that resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Therefore the
empirical use of antibiotics must be controlled and all isolated bacteria should be tested using
antibacterial susceptibility tests before antibiotic therapy.