Background and Aims: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by calcium oxalate nephrocalcinosis leading to renal failure. When renal function is impaired, plasma oxalate concen-tration increases and extra-renal oxalate deposition occurs. Vascular involvement includes vasculitis and ischemic related morbidity and death. The prevalence of vascular involvement is not known with only a few cases described in the literature. A systematic overview of the literature was performed to identify the demographics, clinical presentation and outcomes of such patients.

Methods: A computerized search of MEDLINE (Jan 1950 to May 30, 2007), EMBASE (Jan 1988 to May 2007) and CINAHL (Jan 1982 to May 30, 2007 identified twenty three cases of vascular involvement.

Results: The majority of those reported in the literature are young females (74%). Vascular deposition of oxalate crystals presents as skin vasculitis; limb or mesenteric ischemia or gangrene. Stroke is uncommon.

The lower limbs are affected more than upper limbs followed by mesenteric vessels. Vasculitic skin manifes-tations occur in 52% of cases. Death occurred in 8 (38%) of cases (63% abdominal gangrene/sepsis; 37% cardiac).

Conclusions: Little information exists on vascular involvement in PH. Morbidity and mortality is high (death and limb loss occurring in 2/3 of patients). Awareness of the vascular presentation is thus important to allow a better understanding. Prospective reporting via a national or international registry on optimal management of vascular involvement in PH is needed.

"/> Background and Aims: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by calcium oxalate nephrocalcinosis leading to renal failure. When renal function is impaired, plasma oxalate concen-tration increases and extra-renal oxalate deposition occurs. Vascular involvement includes vasculitis and ischemic related morbidity and death. The prevalence of vascular involvement is not known with only a few cases described in the literature. A systematic overview of the literature was performed to identify the demographics, clinical presentation and outcomes of such patients.

Methods: A computerized search of MEDLINE (Jan 1950 to May 30, 2007), EMBASE (Jan 1988 to May 2007) and CINAHL (Jan 1982 to May 30, 2007 identified twenty three cases of vascular involvement.

Results: The majority of those reported in the literature are young females (74%). Vascular deposition of oxalate crystals presents as skin vasculitis; limb or mesenteric ischemia or gangrene. Stroke is uncommon.

The lower limbs are affected more than upper limbs followed by mesenteric vessels. Vasculitic skin manifes-tations occur in 52% of cases. Death occurred in 8 (38%) of cases (63% abdominal gangrene/sepsis; 37% cardiac).

Conclusions: Little information exists on vascular involvement in PH. Morbidity and mortality is high (death and limb loss occurring in 2/3 of patients). Awareness of the vascular presentation is thus important to allow a better understanding. Prospective reporting via a national or international registry on optimal management of vascular involvement in PH is needed.

"/>
ARTICLE AUTHORS
ARTICLE INFO

Vascular Involvement in Primary Hyperoxalosis: An Evidence Based Sytematic Overview Over a Fifty Year Span

AUTHORS

Farouk Mookadam 1 , * , Mohammed El Kheir 2 , Mohsen Alharthi 2 , Sherif Moustafa 2 , Franci J Kazmier 2 , Robert McBain 2 , Martina Mookadam 2 , Jamil Tajik 2 , Dawn S Milliner 3

1 Department of Cardiovascular diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, [email protected], USA

2 Department of Cardiovascular diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, USA

3 Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA

How to Cite: Mookadam F, Kheir M, Alharthi M, Moustafa S, Kazmier F, et al. Vascular Involvement in Primary Hyperoxalosis: An Evidence Based Sytematic Overview Over a Fifty Year Span, Nephro-Urol Mon. Online ahead of Print ; 2(3):390-396.

ARTICLE INFORMATION

Nephro-Urology Monthly: 2 (3); 390-396
Article Type: Review Article
Received: February 13, 2010
Accepted: March 6, 2010
READ FULL TEXT

Abstract

Background and Aims: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by calcium oxalate nephrocalcinosis leading to renal failure. When renal function is impaired, plasma oxalate concen-tration increases and extra-renal oxalate deposition occurs. Vascular involvement includes vasculitis and ischemic related morbidity and death. The prevalence of vascular involvement is not known with only a few cases described in the literature. A systematic overview of the literature was performed to identify the demographics, clinical presentation and outcomes of such patients.

Methods: A computerized search of MEDLINE (Jan 1950 to May 30, 2007), EMBASE (Jan 1988 to May 2007) and CINAHL (Jan 1982 to May 30, 2007 identified twenty three cases of vascular involvement.

Results: The majority of those reported in the literature are young females (74%). Vascular deposition of oxalate crystals presents as skin vasculitis; limb or mesenteric ischemia or gangrene. Stroke is uncommon.

The lower limbs are affected more than upper limbs followed by mesenteric vessels. Vasculitic skin manifes-tations occur in 52% of cases. Death occurred in 8 (38%) of cases (63% abdominal gangrene/sepsis; 37% cardiac).

Conclusions: Little information exists on vascular involvement in PH. Morbidity and mortality is high (death and limb loss occurring in 2/3 of patients). Awareness of the vascular presentation is thus important to allow a better understanding. Prospective reporting via a national or international registry on optimal management of vascular involvement in PH is needed.

Full Text

Full text is available in PDF

© 0, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.
COMMENTS

LEAVE A COMMENT HERE: